@article{Buick2001:U,
  author={J. A. Cosgrove and J. M. Buick and S. D. Pye and C. A. Greated},
  title={PIV applied to Eckart streaming produced by a medical ultrasound transducer},
  journal={Ultrasonics},
  volume={39},
  number={6},
  pages={461-464},
  url={http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TW2-44HY854-1/2/95262e9ce46177c5554ef324edcecd3d},
  year={2001},
  abstract={Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is applied for the first time to study Eckart streaming induced by a medical ultrasonic transducer operating at a frequency of 3.3 MHz and effective acoustic intensities of 0.25 and 3 W cm-2. A temporal series of velocities in a two-dimensional plane were recorded resulting in an experimental set comprising over half a million velocity data points. These enabled average and fluctuating properties to be determined and clearly indicated the quasi-steady nature of the flow. The average large scale velocity fluctuations along the axis caused by this quasi-steady property were calculated to be 2 and 20 m ms-1 at effective intensities of 0.25 and 3 W cm-2 respectively corresponding to approximately 25% of the peak flow velocity in both cases. Furthermore averaged shear rates were calculated with peak values of 1 and 8 s-1 for the low and high intensities respectively. The present investigation indicates the usefulness of PIV for such studies and serves as a prelude to investigations of streaming in biological type fluids.}

}