All the expressions above are for progressive waves travelling, with celerity , in the positive x-direction. For each situation considered the real part of the interface has the form
and the velocity has the form (where we are now considering only the real part)
where and are also functions of the frequency and wavenumber and may be zero. The corresponding expressions for a standing wave can be found by considering the superposition of two waves travelling in opposite directions with the same frequency and with half the amplitude . These two waves have interfaces and velocities given by
The interface and the velocities and of the corresponding standing wave are the sum of the two progressive waves:
Thus if a progressive wave is damped at a rate : then a standing wave will be damped at the same rate. The ratio of the interface amplitude to the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical velocities, and respectively, are the same for progressive and standing waves as is the frequency. The x and t dependence are different.